Biocontrol Successes

There is a good article in the Boston Globe today summarizing the state's work on the Purple Loosestrife Biocontrol Project. Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) is one of the 141 plant species on the state's Prohibited Plant List, and was categorized as invasive by the Massachusetts Invasive Plant Advisory Group.

Beth Suedmeyer of the Massachusetts Wetlands Restoration Program currently heads the biocontrol project, which has released over 300,000 Galerucella beetles to eat purple loosestrife since 2000. As with most biological controls, a Galerucella beetle attack does not immediately destroy purple loosestrife, rather, the beetles are a tool used to keep current populations of this invasive plant in check.

Suedmeyer is now training citizen scientists to raise and release the beetles, which have shown some evidence of beginning to breed and spread on their own. Visit the Purple Loosestrife Biocontrol Project for more information, including how you can raise beetles and what to do if you see a Galerucella beetle in the wild.

Invasive Plant Training

If you are a Massachusetts resident concerned about invasive plants, consider signing up for one of the IPANE Volunteer Training Sessions being held this May and June. IPANE teaches volunteers how to identify invasive plants and enlists them to conduct monitoring surveys across New England. The beginner training for western Massachusetts is coming up soon, on May 3, and there is also a Getting Started Workshop for the Appalachian Trail in Sheffield, MA.

If you really want to get your hands dirty, there are also invasive plant pulling events throughout the spring and summer, including one for water chestnut (Trapa natans) in Rowley and glossy buckthorn (Frangula alnus) in Winchendon. Check out the IPANE volunteer page for a complete listing.

Winter Moth Biocontrol

Last week I headed out to UMass Amherst to meet with some of the people in Cooperative Extension that participate in the Massachusetts Introduced Pests Outreach Project. While there, I got a tour of the Elkinton Lab, where they are working on a few different biological control projects that target insect pests. One of those projects is the rearing of a parasitic fly, Cyzenis albicans, for control of the winter moth (Operophtera brumata).

Right now, winter moth eggs are just about ready to hatch in Massachusetts, but in the Elkinton lab, the caterpillars are several weeks ahead of schedule, being raised in the best of conditions for the sole purpose of becoming incubators for the biocontrol flies.

Here is a batch of fly pupae:


The pupae are placed in a cage along winter moth caterpillars and some tree branches. Once the flies emerge, the presence of the caterpillars causes them to lay eggs. The eggs are collected and then fed to other caterpillars, to raise even more flies that will be released into the wild later this season.

Links:

• MIPOP Winter Moth Fact Sheet
  
• Biological Control of Winter Moth in Massachusetts (2005 Project Report, pdf file)
  
• Winter moth update, UMass Extension Landscape Message for April 17, 2008

Pest Alert: Gladiolus Rust

On March 10, 2008, the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services identified a suspected infection of gladiolus rust (Uromyces transversalis) on the leaves of gladiolus plants at a cut flower production farm in Hendry County, Florida.

Gladiolus rust primarily attacks hybrid cultivars of gladiolus grown for cut flower production, and if uncontrolled, can lead to total yield losses. This disease could have a significant impact if it becomes established or is transported into greenhouses or nurseries that grow gladiolus or related species. It is a plant disease of quarantine importance in the United States and Europe.

Read more about gladiolus rust in the full pest alert.

New pesticide shows promise in fighting EAB

While we don't have the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis, "EAB") here in Massachusetts, other states are not so lucky. Now there may finally be some good news about beating this pest. As reported over at the Illinois Cooperative Agriculture Pest Survey Program blog, Illinois has just registered a promising new pesticide, Emamectin Benzoate, for use against the beetle. Sold under the trade name Tree-äge™ (pronounced "triage"), EB is a systemic insecticide, and is applied as a trunk injection at the base of ash trees.

State agencies in Massachusetts remain on the lookout for the emerald ash borer. To learn more about this wood-boring invader, check out our pest fact sheet.

Eastern Plant Board Meeting

Last week I attended the annual meeting of the Eastern Plant Board, in Charleston, West Virginia. The EPB is part of the National Plant Board, an organization made up of the plant pest regulatory agencies from every state in the union (plus Puerto Rico). There was a lot of business covered over the three days of the meeting, plus we also got to hear some good talks, including one about trapping methods for insect sampling (that's a bucket funnel pheromone trap, used for trapping moths, to the right of this paragraph).

While I was not fortunate enough to get to see West Virginia's emerald ash borer quarantine zone, a bunch of us did get to visit the WV Department of Agriculture offices, where they have the largest collection of locally-trapped insects in the state, including this whole slew of locust leaf miners (Odontota dorsalis, a native leaf beetle that particularly enjoys the leaves of the black locust, Robinia pseudoacacia):